Gum recession is a gradual process during which the gum erodes from the teeth, leaving the root of the tooth exposed. This can cause teeth sensitivity. Left untreated, it could become more severe, resulting in tooth loss.
A gum graft is a possible option to treat gum recession. It can help replace damaged gums, protect the teeth, and improve the overall aesthetic appearance of the teeth and smile.
A gum graft is a relatively quick procedure and only requires local anesthesia. Dentists can choose from a few different techniques depending on the patient's condition.
The most common method is the connective tissue graft. During this procedure, doctors cut a tiny flap of skin on the roof of the mouth. Tissues are extracted from inside the flap and are attached to the receding gum. The free-gingival graft involves taking a full piece of tissue directly from the roof of the mouth, not just the inside of a flap. This technique is generally used on patients with thinner gums. The pedicle graft is most suitable for patients with an adequate mass of gum tissue around the affected site. This method involves taking a piece of tissue near the receding gum. The tissue is then attached to the affected area while still keeping the other end of the flap in its original position. This method is also the most successful as it allows for continuous blood flow in the tissues.
After the procedure, patients are discharged immediately. They may experience some teeth sensitivity, and doctors recommend a soft and cold food diet for the next 1-2 weeks. Patients also need to avoid hot and hard foods that may damage the graft. In addition brushing and flossing the area should be avoided to protect the new tissue. Patients should refrain from strenuous activity until their dentist approves.
The site should be fully healed within 1 to 2 weeks, and patients can continue brushing and flossing. Complications are rare, but possible side effects include bleeding, swelling, and infection. Reattachment failure happens very rarely, but these cases will need a second procedure.
